BAJA DISPONIBILIDAD ENERGÉTICA Y RIESGO DE TRASTORNOS ALIMENTARIOS EN MUJERES ATLETAS
Visualizações: 57DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56579/rei.v8i3.3120Palabras clave:
Trastornos Alimentarios, Baja Disponibilidad Energética, Mujeres Atletas, Imagen CorporalResumen
La Baja Disponibilidad Energética (BDE) ha sido reconocida como un factor crítico para la salud de las mujeres atletas, estando asociada a importantes consecuencias fisiológicas, metabólicas y psicológicas. En contextos deportivos que valoran la estética o exigen control del peso corporal, la BDE surge como resultado de la restricción calórica, el exceso de entrenamiento o ambos, comprometiendo funciones hormonales, reproductivas, cognitivas e inmunológicas. El objetivo de este estudio fue revisar y discutir las evidencias sobre la relación entre la BDE y el riesgo de Trastornos Alimentarios (TA) en mujeres atletas. Se consultaron publicaciones indexadas entre 2005 y 2024. Los hallazgos sugieren que, aunque no todos los estudios presentan una correlación significativa, existen indicios consistentes de que el desequilibrio energético puede favorecer alteraciones en el comportamiento alimentario, especialmente cuando se asocia con insatisfacción corporal, presión por el rendimiento e influencias socioculturales, como el uso de redes sociales. Factores como la privación del sueño, las alteraciones del estado de ánimo, la desregulación neuroendocrina y la reducción de la masa ósea también aparecen como efectos asociados. La literatura señala la necesidad de estrategias preventivas, destacando la educación nutricional y el apoyo psicológico integrado. La BDE constituye un riesgo multifactorial que requiere reconocimiento temprano e intervenciones interdisciplinarias para preservar el bienestar físico y mental de esta población.
Descargas
Citas
AKMAN, C. T. et al. The effect of nutrition education sessions on energy availability, body composition, eating attitude and sports nutrition knowledge in young female endurance athletes. Frontiers in public health, [s. l.], v. 12, p. 1289448, mar. 2024. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1289448. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38550312/
ALLISON, K. C. et al. Sleep and eating disorders. Current psychiatry reports, [s. l.], v. 18, n. 10, ago. 2016. DOI: 10.1007/s11920-016-0728-8. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27553980/
ANDRADE, A.; Bosi, M. L. M. Mídia e subjetividade: impacto no comportamento alimentar feminino. Revista de Nutrição, [s. l.], v. 16, n. 1, p. 117–125, jan. 2003. DOI: 10.1590/S1415-52732003000100012. Disponível em: https://www.scielo.br/j/rn/a/DwyJjBYbgKGMzGKTt6S3GjR/?lang=pt
AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION. Manual diagnóstico e estatístico de transtornos mentais: DSM-5. 5. ed. Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2014.
BASKARAN, C. et al. A cross-sectional analysis of verbal memory and executive control across athletes with varying menstrual status and non-athletes. Psychiatry research, [s. l.], v. 258, p. 605–606, dec, 2017. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.12.054. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28159335/
BEALS, K. A.; Hill, A. K. The prevalence of disordered eating, menstrual dysfunction, and low bone mineral density among US collegiate athletes. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism, [s. l.], v. 16, n. 1, p. 1–23, fev. 2006. DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.16.1.1. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16676700/
BYRNE, S.; MCLEAN, N. ELITE ATHLETES: Effects of the pressure to be thin. Journal of science and medicine in sport, [s. l.], v. 5, n. 2, p. 80–94, jun. 2002. DOI: 10.1016/s1440-2440(02)80029-9. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12188089/
COSTA, M. B.; MELNIK, T. Effectiveness of psychosocial interventions in eating disorders: an overview of Cochrane systematic reviews. Einstein, [s. l.], v. 14, n. 2, p. 235–277, abr. 2016. DOI: 10.1590/S1679-45082016RW3120. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27462898/
DE SOUZA, M. J. et al. Drive for thinness score is a proxy indicator of energy deficiency in exercising women. Appetite, [s. l.], v. 48, n. 3, p. 359–367, mai, 2007. DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2006.10.009. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17184880/
DEVRIM, A. et al. Is there any relationship between body image perception, eating disorders, and muscle dysmorphic disorders in male bodybuilders? American journal of men’s health, [s. l.], v. 12, n. 5, p. 1746–1758, set. 2018. DOI: 10.1177/1557988318786868. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30003837/
EL GHOCH, M. et al. Eating disorders, physical fitness and sport performance: a systematic review. Nutrients, [s. l.], v. 5, n. 12, p. 5140–5160, dez. 2013. DOI: 10.3390/nu5125140. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24352092/
GILLBANKS, L.; MOUNTJOY, M.; FILBAY, S. R. Lightweight rowers’ perspectives of living with Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S). PloS one, [s. l.], v. 17, n. 3, p. e0265268, mar. 2022. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265268. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35298499/
HALSON, S. L. Sleep in elite athletes and nutritional interventions to enhance sleep. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), [s. l.], v. 44, n. S1, p. 13–23, mai. 2014. DOI: 10.1007/s40279-014-0147-0. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24791913/
JAGIM, A. R. et al. Contributing factors to low energy availability in female athletes: A narrative review of energy availability, training demands, nutrition barriers, body image, and disordered eating. Nutrients, [s. l.], v. 14, n. 5, fev, 2022. DOI: 10.3390/nu14050986. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35267961/
MOUNTJOY, M. et al. The IOC consensus statement: beyond the Female Athlete Triad--Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S). British journal of sports medicine, [s. l.], v. 48, n. 7, p. 491–497, abr. 2014. DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2014-093502. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24620037/
MOUNTJOY, M. et al. 2023 International Olympic Committee’s (IOC) consensus statement on Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs). British journal of sports medicine, [s. l.], v. 57, n. 17, p. 1073–1097, set. 2023. DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-106994. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37752011/
NATTIV, A. et al. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. The female athlete triad. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, [s. l.], v. 39, n. 10, p. 1867–1882, 2007. DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e318149f111. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17909417/
PALAGINI, L. et al. Sleep, insomnia and mental health. Journal of sleep research, [s. l.], v. 31, n. 4, abr, 2022. DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13628. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35506356/
SAIFI, A. et al. Risk for low energy availability, disordered eating and sleep disturbance among female football players. Physical activity and nutrition, [s. l.], v. 28, n. 3, p. 43–51, set. 2024. DOI: 10.20463/pan.2024.0022. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39501693/
SHARPLES, A. et al. Risk of low energy availability, eating disorders and food insecurity amongst development female rugby league players. The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, [s. l.], v. 64, n. 8, p. 822–830, ago. 2024. DOI: 10.23736/S0022-4707.24.15600-9. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38470016/
SARIN, H. V. et al. Molecular pathways mediating immunosuppression in response to prolonged intensive physical training, low-energy availability, and intensive weight loss. Frontiers in immunology, [s. l.], v. 10, p. 907, mai. 2019. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00907. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31134054/
STELLINGWERFF, T. et al. Review of the scientific rationale, development and validation of the International Olympic Committee Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport Clinical Assessment Tool: V.2 (IOC REDs CAT2)-by a subgroup of the IOC consensus on REDs. British journal of sports medicine, [s. l.], v. 57, n. 17, p. 1109–1118, set. 2023. DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-106914. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37752002/
STUBBS, R. J. et al. Measuring the difference between actual and reported food intakes in the context of energy balance under laboratory conditions. The British journal of nutrition, [s. l.], v. 111, n. 11, p. 2032–2043, fev. 2014. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114514000154. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24635904/
TAHERI, S. et al. Short sleep duration is associated with reduced leptin, elevated ghrelin, and increased body mass index. PLoS Medicine, [s. l.], v. 1, n. 3, p. e62, 2004. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0010062. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15602591/
TCHANTURIA, K. et al. Poor cognitive flexibility in eating disorders: Examining the evidence using the Wisconsin card sorting task. PloS one, [s. l.], v. 7, n. 1, p. e28331, jan, 2012. DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0547.22. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36913639/
TORRES-MCGEHEE, T. M. et al. Energy availability, mental health, and sleep patterns of athletic trainers. Journal of athletic training, [s. l.], v. 58, n. 9, p. 788–795, set. 2023. DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0547.22. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36913639/
TORRES-MCGEHEE, T. M. et al. Energy balance, eating disorder risk, and pathogenic behaviors among athletic trainers. Journal of athletic training, [s. l.], v. 56, n. 3, p. 311–320, fev. 2021. DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0228-20. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33600576/
TORSTVEIT, M. K.; ROSENVINGE, J. H.; SUNDGOT-BORGEN, J. Prevalence of eating disorders and the predictive power of risk models in female elite athletes: a controlled study. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, [s. l.], v. 18, n. 1, p. 108–118, mai. 2008. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2007.00657.x. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17490455/
TORSTVEIT, M. K. et al. Primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs): a narrative review by a subgroup of the IOC consensus on REDs. British journal of sports medicine, [s. l.], v. 57, n. 17, p. 1119–1126, set. 2023. DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-106932. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37752004/
VOGEL, E. A. et al. Social comparison, social media, and self-esteem. Psychology of popular media culture, [s. l.], v. 3, n. 4, p. 206–222, ago, 2014. DOI: 10.1037/ppm0000047. Disponível em: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275507421_Social_comparison_social_media_and_self-esteem
WASSERFURTH, P. et al. Reasons for and consequences of low energy availability in female and male athletes: Social environment, adaptations, and prevention. Sports medicine, [s. l.], v. 6, n. 1, p. 44, set. 2020. DOI: 10.1186/s40798-020-00275-6. Disponível em: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32910256/
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2026 Revista de Estudios Interdisciplinarios
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
La Revista de Estudios Interdisciplinares adopta la Licencia Creative Commons Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0), que permite compartir y adaptar el trabajo, incluso con fines comerciales, siempre que se otorgue la atribución adecuada y se reconozca la publicación original en esta revista.
La licencia Creative Commons 4.0 Internacional permite que los autores compartan sus obras con flexibilidad, garantizando los derechos de autor mientras autorizan usos específicos, como reproducción, distribución y adaptación, siempre que se cumplan las condiciones establecidas, como la atribución de crédito al autor original.