CARE AND INTERVENTIONS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD:

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS BETWEEN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER AND HEARING IMPAIRMENT

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Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56579/prxis.v4i1.3104

Keywords:

Autism Spectrum Disorder, Early Intervention, Early Childhood, Child Development, Public Policies

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) represents a significant challenge for child development, requiring specialized interventions from the earliest years of life. This review study aims to analyze the scientific evidence on care and interventions in early childhood, with emphasis on the effectiveness of early intervention in children with ASD. The methodology was based on a narrative literature review, including articles published between 2014 and 2024 in national and international scientific databases. The results demonstrate that interventions initiated between 18 and 36 months promote significant improvements in adaptive functioning, language, social interaction, and cognition. Approaches such as ABA, the Denver Model, PECS, TEACCH, and national initiatives such as the Integrated Program for Autism (PIPA) and the Better Early Childhood Program (PIM) are highlighted. It is concluded that equitable access, professional training, and intersectoral action are essential to ensure comprehensive and inclusive care for children with ASD in Brazil.

Author Biographies

Edna Andressa Pinheiro de Sousa, Hope Institute of Higher Education

Psychologist graduated from the Hope Institute of Higher Education. Specialist in Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Works with early intervention for children with neurodevelopmental disorders.

Isabela Silva de Vasconcelos, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará

Master’s degree in Education from the Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará. Psychologist specialized in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). Works with children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders.

Crislane Gomes Cardoso, FAMETRO University Center

Psychologist graduated from the Centro Universitário FAMETRO. Works with children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders.

Leonise Costa Oliveira, Hope Institute of Higher Education

Psychologist graduated from the Instituto Esperança de Ensino Superior. Coordinator of the Center for Inclusive Education and Multidisciplinary Care. Conducts research in the areas of Neuropsychology, Neurodevelopment, and Inclusion.

References

AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION. Manual diagnóstico e estatístico de transtornos mentais: DSM-5-TR. 5. ed. rev. e ampl. Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2022.

BRASIL. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Atenção Primária à Saúde. Linha de cuidado para a atenção às pessoas com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) e suas famílias no âmbito da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial (RAPS). Brasília: Ministério da Saúde, 2023. Disponível em: https://www.gov.br/saude/. Acesso em: 23 out. 2025.

CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION (CDC). Data & statistics on autism spectrum disorder. 2024. Disponível em: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/data.html. Acesso em: 23 out. 2025.

FERNELL, E. et al. Early intervention in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review. 2011.

HEALY, M. R. et al. Towards a better understanding of real-world home-visiting programs: PIM in Brazil. BMJ Global Health, 2024.

HUME, K. et al. The TEACCH approach: a case study. 2005.

KOEGEL, L. et al. Interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder in inclusive settings. 2014.

LANDA, R. J. Efficacy of early interventions for infants and young children with, and at risk for, autism spectrum disorders. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2018.1432574

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RIBEIRO, S. H. et al. Intervenção precoce no autismo: revisão sistemática. 2022.

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SCHNEIDER, A. et al. The Better Early Childhood Development Program: an innovative Brazilian public policy. 2009.

SILVA, E. V. da et al. Effectiveness of a large-scale home visiting programme (PIM) on early child development in Brazil. BMJ Global Health, 2022.

SILVA, J. B. D. et al. Entrelaçamento entre possibilidades, avanços e contribuições da psicanálise para o autismo. 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25190/rec.v8i1.2913

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Published

2026-03-18

How to Cite

Sousa, E. A. P. de, Vasconcelos, I. S. de, Cardoso, C. G., & Oliveira, L. C. (2026). CARE AND INTERVENTIONS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD:: CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS BETWEEN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER AND HEARING IMPAIRMENT. PRÁXIS EM SAÚDE , 4(1), 01–08. https://doi.org/10.56579/prxis.v4i1.3104

Issue

Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): PRAXIS IN HEALTH JOURNAL

Section

ARTIGOS

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